TUTORIAL GUIDE / ADDITIONAL NOTES TO LESSON VI *** It is our hope that you have been able to work your way through GUIDE V with reasonable ease. At the same time, it is also to be assumed that the rate of intake is considerably high. Through constant reading, possibly aloud, of the assignments provided, one must soon learn to feel comfortably at home with the Pali language. This does not, by any means, imply compulsory memorising. Also please keep check of your language intake. Like young stamp collectors, keep ambitiously collecting your nouns and verbs, together with rare specimens of indeclinables, pronouns and adverbs. As the months and years pass by, these will fetch very high prices. Your collections should soon be good enough for proud display back in the pali-intro-L. Until then, here's a longer selection this time. --------- ---------------------------- Reading Assignment No. 2 -------------------------------------- Ath ' eka-divasa.m raajaa sabba-ala"nkaara-patima.n.dito ratha-vara.m abhiruhitvaa | mahantena parivaarena migavatthaaya nagarato aviduure supupphita-phalita-ramaniiya.m upavana.m gantvaa | yassa passena migo palaayati | tass ' eva so giivaa ' ti vatvaa | rathaa oruyha | pa.ticchaadetvaa dinne ko.t.thake dhanu.m aadaaya a.t.thaasi. Purisehi migaana.m u.t.thaapanatthaaya vana-gumbesu po.thiyamaanesu | eko e.nimigo u.t.thaaya gamana-magga.m olokento ra~n~no .thita.t.thaanass ' eva vivittata.m disvaa | tadabhimukho pakkhanditvaa palaayi. Amaccaa kassa passena migo palaayito ' ti pucchantaa | ra~n~no passenaa ' ti ~natvaa | ra~n~naa saddhi.m ke.li.m kari.msu. Raajaa asmi-maanena tesa.m ke.li.m asahanto | idaani ta.m miga.m gahessaamii ' ti ratha.m aruyha | siigha.m pesehii ' ti saarathi.m aa.naapetvaa | migena gata-magga.m pa.tipajji. Ratha.m vegena gacchanta.m parisaa anubandhitu.m naasakkhi. Raajaa saarathi-dutiyo yaava majjhantikaa gantvaa | niga.m adisvaa nivatto | tassa coragaamassa santike rama.niiya.m kandara.m disvaa | rathaa oruyha nahaatvaa ca pivitvaa ca paccuttari. Ath ' assa saarathii rathassa uttaratthara.m otaaretvaa rukkha-pacchaayaaya pa~n~naapesi. So tattha nipajji. Saarathii ' pi tassa paade sambaahanto nisiidi. Raajaa antarantaraa niddaayati c ' eva pabujjhati ca. Cora-gaamaka-vaasino coraa ' pi ra~n~no aarakkhatthaaya arannam eva pavisimsu. Sattigumba Jataka. SHB. V. p.116 raajaa [ = king ] nom.sg. of raaja - [ Skt. raajan ]. Hence nom. pl. raajaano. Inst. sg. ra~n~naa / raajinaa. Dat. and Gen. sg. ra~n~no / raajino. Dat. and Gen. pl. ra~n~na.m / raajuuna.m sabba [ = all ] Pronoun. m. sabbo f. sabbaa n. sabba.m e.g. sabbaa nadii va'nkagataa sabbe ka.t.thamayaa vanaa all rivers go meanderig all are full of wood forests Ka.t.thahaari Jaataka ala'nkaara - pa.tima.n.dita = adorned with ornaments [ala'nkaarehi patima.n.dito]. ratha - vara.m = grand chariot [ ratha = chariot ] abhiruhitvaa [ = having ascended ]. Gerund : prefix abhi + rt. ruh + i + tvaa [ ruuhati = mounts, ascends ] mahantena : Inst. sg. of mahant. Also mahataa. Acc. sg. mahanta.m Dat. and Gen. sg. mahato e.g. acc. mahanta.m vaa ~naatipariva.t.ta.m pahaaya = leaving behind a large body of kinsmen. inst. mahataa bhikkhusanghena saddhi.m = with a large gathering of monks. dat. gen. mahato kaayassa padaaletaa = one who breaks up [ breaker of ] a large body. parivaarena [ inst. sg. ] = with a large retinue. Instrumental in the sense of accompanying, together with. migavatthaaya [ dat. sg. ] : migava = deer hunt + atthaaya [ dat. case ] = for the purpose of nagarato = from or out of the city [ magara + ablative suffix - to ]. aviduure = not far from the city [ a = not + vi + duure = distant ] supupphita + phalita + ramaniiya = beautiful on account of the abundance of flower and fruit. su + pupphita [ p.p.p. of pupphati = blooms ] phalita [ p.p.p. of phalati = puts forth fruit ] gantvaa : Gerund [ rt. gam + tvaa ] = having gone passena : on or from whose side. inst. sg. adverbial use. palaayati = flees, runs away from [ rt. palaay - ] giivaa = neck. In this context, 'tass'eva so giivaa' literally means 'he gets it in the neck' . i.e. a ransom. vatvaa = having said. Gerund : rt. vad + tvaa vadati = he says. oruyha = having descended from. Gerund : prefix ava = o + rt ruh + suffix ya. ruuhati = ascends, climbs up. pa.ticchaadetvaa = having covered [ Gerund : prefix pa.ti + rt. chaad + e + tvaa. ] Chaadeti = covers. dinne = what was given. p.p.p. of rt. daa / deti , dadaati = he gives. ko.t.thaka = enclosure dhanu = bow aadaaya = having taken. Gerund : prefix aa + rt. daa + suffix ya. a.t.thaasi = stood. Aorist 3rd. sg. a + rt. .thaa + si. purisehi : inst.pl. agent of pass. part. po.thiyamaanesu. u.t.thaapanatthaaya = for the starting off. [ prefix ud + causative form of rt .thaa / .thaapana + atthaaya ]. migaana.m [ gen. pl. ]. Genitive instead of the acc. in relation to the substantival use of "u.t.thaapana". vanagumbesu po.thiyamaanesu = locative absolute use. " While forest bushes were being beaten up." po.thiyamaana : pr.pass.part. of po.theti [ rt. po.th + i + ya + maana ]. Pr. act. part. po.thento / po.thaya.m u.t.thaaya = having lept up [ Gerund : prefix ud + rt. .thaa + ya ] olokento = looking out for [ Pr.act. part. prefix o / ava + rt. lok / loketi | lokayati ]. vivittata.m = the loneliness. vivitta : p.p.p. reduplicated rt. vic / viviccati = cuts off [ vivic + ta + taa ]. tadabhimukho = in its direction [ tad + abhi + mukho ] = facing that pakkhanditvaa [ = having leapt forward ] Gerund : prefix pa + rt. khand + i + tvaa [ pakkhandati ] pucchantaa : nom. pl. pr. part. rt. prach / pucchati = he questions. p.p.p. pu.t.tha ra~n~naa : inst. sg. of raajaa [ = with the king ]. governed by indeclinable saddhi.m. asmi + maana = self-conceit [ selfhood assertion ]. asmi = I am | maana = measuring, reckoning asahanto : nom. sg. pr. part. a + rt. sah / sahati : endure, put up with. gahessaami ' iti : fut. 1st. sg. of rt. gah / ga.nhaati. Also ga.nhissaami. pesehi : Imperative 2nd. sg. rt. pes / peseti aa.naapetvaa = having ordered [ Gerund : prefix aa + rt. ~naa + caus. suffix aape + tvaa ]. Denominative ? pa.tipajji = entered upon. Aorist 3rd. sg. Prefix pa.ti + rt. pad + suffix ya = pa.tipajjati. anubandhitum = to pursue, chase. Infinitive : prefix anu + bandh [ rt. badh / bandhati = ties up] + i + tum. naasakkhi = was not able. Aorist : na [ not ] + aorist a + rt. sak + si [ rt. sak / sakkoti = is able ]. saarathi-dutiyo = with the charioteer as his second, i.e. companion. Relative or Bahubbiihi Compound. yaava majjhantikaa = until noon. Note 'yaava' meaning until, upto governs the ablative [ majjhantikaa]. nivatto = turning back. p.p.p. prefix ni + rt. vat + to [ rt. vat / vattati = turns, rolls on ]. nahaatvaa = having bathed [ Gerund : rt. nahaa + tvaa / nahaayati = bathes ]. pivitvaa = having drunk [ Gerund : rt. paa / pivati = drinks. piv + i + tvaa ]. paccuttari = came up out of . Aorist 3rd. sg. prefixes pati + ud / t + rt. tar + aorist ending i. tarati = crosses over. Note: In Pali "i" followed by vowels a, i, e, u, o changes itself to y. Also familiarize yourself with the subsequent consonant changes : ty > cc | dy > jj | py > pp | by > bb e.g. pati + aagacchati = paccaagacchati adhi + esati = ajjhesati api + ekacce = appekacce pati + eti = pacceti pati + uppanna = paccuppanna abhi + okaasa = abbhokaasa uttarattharam = uttara + attharam = upper covering otaaretvaa = brought down, lowered [ prefix ava / o + causative of rt. tar / taar + e + tvaa ]. pa~n~naapesi = prepared. Aorist 3rd. sg. Prefix pa + rt ~naa + causative ending aape + aorist ending -si ]. nipajji = lay down. Aorist 3rd. sg. Prefix ni + rt. pad / pajjati. p.p.p. = nipanna sambaahanto = massaging. Pr. act. part. Prefix sa.m + rt. sambaah + ant ] nisajji = sat down. Aorist 3rd. sg. prefix ni + rt. sad / siidati. Also sajjati. antarantaraa = intermittently, from time to time [ antara + antara ]. niddaayati = falls asleep [denominative of noun niddaa / niddaa + yati]. Compare aa.naapeti above. pavisi.msu = entered. Aorist 3rd pl. Prefix pa + rt. vis/visati = enters. Dhammavihari