TUTORIAL GUIDE / ADDITIONAL NOTES NO. XI Reading Assignment No. 7 --------------------------------------- Tassa naagassa vippavaasenaa ' ti | ida.m satthaa Jetavane viharanto | maati-posaka-bhikkhu.m aarabbha kathesi. Paccuppanna-vatthu.m Saama-jaataka-vatthu-sadisa.m. Satthaa pana bhikkhhuu aamantetvaa | maa bhikkhave eta.m bhikku.m ujjhaayittha. Poraa.naka-pa.n.ditaa tiracchaana-yoniya.m nibbattaa ' pi | maataraa viyuttaa sattaaha.m niraahaarataaya sussamaanaa | raajaaraha.m bhojana.m labhitvaa ' pi maatara.m vinaa na bhu~njissaamaa ' ti | maatara.m disvaa ' va gocara.m ga.nhi.msuu ' ti vatvaa atiita.m aahari. Atiite Baaraa.nasiyam Brahmadatte rajja.m kaarente | bodhisatto himavanta-ppadese hatthi-yoniya.m nibbattitvaa | sabba-seto ahosi abhiruupo asiiti-hatthii-sahassa-parivaaro. Maataa pan'assa andhaa. So dhura-madhuraani phalaa-phalaani hattiina.m datvaa maatu-santika.m peseti. Hatthii tassaa adatvaa attanaa'va khaadanti. So pariga.nhanto ta.m pavatti.m ~natvaa | yuutha.m cha.d.detvaa maatar.m me posessamii'ti | ratti-bhaage a~n~nesa.m hatthiina.m ajaanantaana.m | maatar.m gahetvaa ca.n.dora.na- pabbata-paada.m gantvaa | eka.m nalini.m upanissaaya .thitaaya bbata-guhaaya maatara.m .thapetvaa posesi. Ath'eko Baaraa.nasii-vaasii vana-carako magga-muu.lho | disa.m vavatthapetu.m asakkonto mahantena saddena paridevi. Bodhisatto tassa sadda.m sutvaa aya.m puriso anaatho. Na kho pana me ta.m patiruupa.m | ya.m esa mayi .thite idha vinasseyyaa ' ti | tassa santika.m gantvaa ta.m bhayena palaayanta.m disvaa | ambho purisa natthi te ma.m nissaaya bhaya.m. Maa palaayi. Kasmaa tva.m paridevanto vicarasii ' ti pucchitvaa | saami aha.m magga-muu.lho. Ajja me sattamo divaso ' ti vutte | bho purisa maa bhaayi. Aha.m ta.m manussa-pathe .thapessaamii ' ti | ta.m attano pi.t.thiya.m nisiidaapetvaa ara~n~aa niiharitvaa nivatti. Maatiposaka Jaataka SHB. IV.p.111 f. Translation & Grammatical Notes ----------------------------------------------- 1. Tassa naagassa vippavaasenaa'ti = The statement "on account of the separation from [ of ] that elephant". [ naaga = elephant ]. i. vippavaasena : inst. sg = on account of living away, separation from. prefixes vi + pa + rt. vas / vaasa. [ vasati = lives | upa + vasati = fasts | vi + ppa + vasati = lives away from ] vippavaasena + iti = vippavaasenaa ' ti. Here a + i results in aa. ii. Note. Iti -- at the end of a statement marks it off as a quotation or as somebody's thought or intention. 2. ida.m satthaa Jetavane viharanto = this, while the Master was residing in Jeta's grove. i. satthaa : nom. sg. agent noun. rt. saas [ saasati = instructs ] + suffix -tru. pl. satthaaro ii. viharanto : nom.sg. present participle prefix vi + rt. har [ harati ] + suffix -ant [ dwells, resides.]. 3. maati-posaka-bhikkhu.m aarabbha kathesi. = declared with reference to a monk who was looking after his mother. [ maati = mother + posaka = supporting + bhikkhu = monk ]. i. aarabbha = concerning, commencing with, with reference to. Absolutive / Gerund. prefix aa + rt. rabh [ aarabhati = commences ]. ii. kathesi : s- aorist 3rd. sg. rt. kath [ katheti / kathayati ]. pl. kathesu.m. Also sg. kathayi / pl. kathayimsu. 4. Paccuppanna-vatthu.m Saama-jaataka-vatthu-sadisa.m. = [ Its ] present story is the same as the story of the Saama Jaataka. i. paccuppanna = the present.Prefixes pati + ud + rt. pat [ pad ]+ na = what has arisen.[uppatati / uppajjaati ] the past is atiita : prefix ati + rt. ii [eti = goes ] + ta = what has gone past. the future is anaagata : negative prefix an + prefix aa + rt.gam [ gacchati = goes ]+suffix -ta. Not come yet ii. sadisa = like, similar to. 5. Satthaa pana bhikkhhuu aamantetvaa = The Master, having addressed the monks i. aamantetvaa = having addressed. Gerund. Prefix aa + rt mant [ manteti / mantayati ] + tvaa. 6. maa bhikkhave eta.m bhikku.m ujjhaayittha. = O monks. Do not reproach this monk. i. Maa : Do not. Prohibitive particle maa used with the aorist ujjhaayittha. prefix ud + rt. jhaay / jhaayati. 7. Poraa.naka-pa.n.ditaa tiracchaana-yoniya.m nibbattaa ' pi = Wise persons of ancient times, even though they were born as animals i. poraa.naka = ancient + pa.n.ditaa = wise men. Adjectival Compound [ Kammadhaaraya ] ii.tiracchaana = animal [adjective] + yoni = birth. Genitive Case Compound [ Cha.t.thi Tappurisa ]. tiracchaanayoniya.m : loc. sg. iii. nibbatta : p.p.p. prefix ni + rt. vat [ note v > b ] + ta. nibbattati = is born, aeises. 8. maataraa viyuttaa sattaaha.m niraahaarataaya sussamaanaa = [ being] separated from the mother, they were withering away for a week due to lack of food. i. maataraa : inst. sg. [ This case is used both in the sense of united with and separated from ] ii. viyuttaa = separated from : p.p.p. prefix vi + rt. yuj [ yu~njati = unites with ] + ta. [ Note j + t > tt ]. iii.sattaaham = seven days. satta = seven + aha = day. Numeral or Digu Compound. iv.niraahaarataaya: inst. sg. nir [ = not ] + aahhaara [ = food ] + taa [= state or condition ]. Absence of food. v.sussamaanaa : pr. participle nom. pl. rt. sus / sussa + maana . sussati = dries up, withers away. 9 raajaaraha.m bhojana.m labhitvaa ' pi maatara.m vinaa na bhu~njissaamaa ' ti = but even on receiving food which was worthy of a king, [ they decided ] that they would no eat without their mother i. raajaaraha.m : raaja = king + araha = worthy of. Case Compound ii.labhitvaa = having received. Gerund. rt. labh + i + tvaa. api = even. labhitvaa + api = labhitvaa ' pi. iii.vinaa = without and saddhim = with generally govern the inst. Here vinaa used with the accusative. iv. bhu~njissama : future 1st. pl. rt. bhuj / bhu~njati. 10. maatara.m disvaa ' va gocara.m ga.nhi.msuu ' ti = and only after seeing the mother, they took their food. i. disvaa = having seen. Gerund. rt. dis [ passati ] + tvaa. [ We also have passitvaa ] 11. ...ti vatvaa atiita.m aahari. = ... so saying he brought forth the [ story of ] past. i. vatvaa = having said. Gerund. rt. vad / vadati [ possibly also rt. vac ] + tvaa. ii. aahari = brought forward. Aorist. prefix aa + rt. har / harati = brings. [ Harati = takes away.] 12. Atiite Baaraa.nasiyam Brahmadatte rajja.m kaarente = In the past, in Benares, while Brahmadatta was ruling his kingdom i. Atiite Baaraa.nasiya.m .... kaarente. Refresh your memory with regard to this Locative Absolute use. 13. bodhisatto himavanta-ppadese hatthi-yoniya.m nibbattitvaa = the Buddha-aspirant, in the region of the Himalayas, being born as an elephant [ lit. in the family of elephants ] i. See notes on 7. ii & iii above. 14. sabba-seto ahosi abhiruupo asiiti-hatthii-sahassa-parivaaro. = was all-white, delightful, and in the company of eighty thousand elephants i. asiiti = eighty | hatthi = elephants | sahassa = thousand | parivaaro = company, retineu. Note how eighty thousand is broken up with elephants placed in between. 15. Maataa pan ' assa andhaa. = Mother of his was blind [ As for his mother, she was blind.]. 16. So madhura-madhuraani phalaa-phalaani hatthiina.m datvaa maatu-santika.m peseti. = He [ having given : datvaa ] sweet fruits of diverse sorts to the elephants would have them sent [ peseti ] to his mother. i. hatthiina.m = to the elephants. Dative pl. With verbs of giving [datvaa], the recipient is put in the dative as well as the accusative. 17. Hatthii tassaa adatvaa attanaa ' va khaadanti. = The elephants, without giving her, eat it themselves. i. tassaa : dative sg. fem. Same as 16. i. ii. attanaa ' va [ = attanaa + eva ]. Note : In the reflexive use of atta [ = self ], always the singular is used. 18. So pariga.nhanto ta.m pavatti.m ~natvaa = He while investigaring, came to know of this situation. i. pariga.nhanto = investigating. Pr. participle. prefix pari + rt. gah / ga.nha + ant ii. ~natvaa = having known. Gerund. rt. ~naa [ jaanaati ] + tvaa 19. yuutha.m cha.d.detvaa maatara.m me posessamii ' ti = [ deciding ] I would abandon the herd and look after my mother. i. cha.d.detvaa : Gerund of cha.d.deti. 20. ratti-bhaage a~n~nesa.m hatthiina.m ajaanantaana.m = during the night, unknown to the other elephants i. ratti-bhaaga = night division. Adjectival Compound. ii. a~n~nesa.m hatthiina.m ajaanantaana.m. Note this use of the Genitive Absolute where one set of events take place, unrelated to and in opposition to another set. While the other elephants were unaware of it, he took his mother away to another place. 21. maatara.m gahetvaa ca.n.dora.na-pabbata-paada.m gantvaa = he took the mother and went to the foot of Candorana mountain. i. gahetvaa = having taken. Gerund. rt. gah [ ga.nhaati ] + (e ) tvaa. p.p.p. gah + ( i ) ta = gahita ii. gantvaa = having gone. Gerund. rt. gam [ gacchati ] + tvaa. p.p.p. gam + ta = gata 22. eka.m nalini.m upanissaaya .thitaaya pabbata-guhaaya maatara.m .thapetvaa posesi. = In [ a mountain cave which was located ] in the vicinity of a lotus pond, he kept his mother and looked after her. i. nalini.m = lotus pond ii. upanissaaya = dependent on, resorting to. Gerund. prefixes upa + ni + rt. sii [ sayati ] + ya iii. .thitaaya : loc.sg. fem. .thita : p.p.p. rt. .thaa [ ti.t.thati ] + ta iv. pabbata = mountain guhaa = cave guhaaya : loc.sg. fem. v. .thapetvaa = having kept. Gerund of causative form .thapeti of rt. .thaa + suffix aape vi. posesi = nourished. s- aorist 3rd. sg. rt. pos [ poseti / posayati ]. Also as posayi / posayimsu. 23. Ath ' eko Baaraa.nasii-vaasii vana-carako magga-muu.lho = At that time, a Benares - resident forester who had lost his way i. vaasii = dweller. rt. vas [ vasati = dwells ] + ii ii. vana-carako = one who roams in the forest. Locative Case Compound. iii. magga-muu.lho = He who has lost his way. Relative Compound [ Bahubbiihi ]. muu.lho : p.p.p. rt. muh [ muyhati = is deluded ] + ta > muu.da > muu.lha. 24. disa.m vavatthapetu.m asakkonto mahantena saddena paridevi. = being unable to determine his direction, cried out aloud. i. vavatthapetu.m = to determine. Infinitive : prefixes vi + ava + causative form of rt. thaa + aape + tu.m. ii. asakkonto = not being able. Present participle : negative prefix a + rt. sak [ sakkoti ] + suffix -nt. iii. paridevi = wailed. Aorist 3 rd. sg. of paridevati. 25. Bodhisatto tassa sadda.m sutvaa aya.m puriso anaatho. = The Buddha aspirant heard his cry [ noise ] and saying to himself " This man is helpless ..." i. sutvaa = having heard. Gerund. rt. su [ sunoti / sunaati ] + suffix tvaa. p.p.p. su + ta = suta. 26. Na kho pana me ta.m patiruupa.m | ya.m esa mayi .thite idha vinasseyyaa ' ti = "... It is not proper for me that this man should perish here while I am available [ I exist ] ". i. Note the two independent units of the above sentence and understand how they are joined together by the conjunction 'yam'. ii. Also the Locative Absolute construction ' mayi .thite ... esa vinasseyya' = while I am there that he perishes. iii. vinasseyya : Potential 3rd. sg. prefix vi + rt. nas [ nassati = perishes ] 27. tassa santika.m gantvaa ta.m bhayena palaayanta.m disvaa = [ Thus thinking ] he went near to him and seeing him fleeing in fear i. palaayantam = him who was fleeing. Present participle accusative sg. palaayant [ palaayati ].. 28. ambho purisa n ' atthi te ma.m nissaaya bhaya.m. Maa palaayi. = O Good man. There is no danger to you on account of me. Do not run away. i. natthi te = there is not / to you or of you. This is the equivalent of the English ' You do not have '. The Pali word ' te ' here would be considered the Genitive of possessor. ii.ma.m [ = me ] nissaaya [ = dependent on ]. Nissaaya : Gerund. See above 22. ii. See whether you can easily identify 'bhayam' in 28 as being in the nominative case, as the subject of the verb n ' atthi. iii. maa palaayi = Do not run away. Prohibitive particle maa used with the verb in the aorist. palaayati > palaayi. 29. Kasmaa tva.m paridevanto vicarasii ' ti pucchitvaa = Having questioned "Why do you roam about wailing ?" i. paridenato : present participle. See above 24. iii. ii. vicarasi : Present 2nd. sg. prefix vi + rt. car / carati. iii.pucchitvaa = having questioned. Gerund. rt. pucch + ( i ) tvaa. p.p.p. pucch + ta = pu.t.tha. infinitive pucch + tu.m = pu.t.thu.m 30.saami aha.m magga-muu.lho. Ajja me sattamo divaso ' ti vutte = and when he replied " O Lord. I have lost my way. Today is my seventh day." i. sattamo = seventh. -ma added at the end of numerals [ cardinals ] from five, i.e. pa~nca onwards,barring cha = six , turns them to ordinals. pa~ncama = fifth, sattama = seventh, a.t.thama = eighth. ii. vutte [ with iti in front of it ] = when thus said. p.p.p. rt. vac [in passive form vuccati = it is said ]. ( v ) + uc + ta [ Skt. ukta ]. 31. bho purisa maa bhaayi. Aha.m ta.m manussa-pathe .thapessaamii ' ti = Good man. Fear not. I shall place you in the region of the humans. i. manussa-pathe = in the region o the humans. Genitive Case Compound. ii. .thapessaami : Fut. 1 st. sg. = I shall place. Causative form of rt. thaa / i.t.thati. .thaa + aape. 32. ta.m attano pi.t.thiya.m nisiidaapetvaa ara~n~aa niiharitvaa nivatti. = [ So saying ] he placed him on his back, took him out of the forest and returned. i. attano = his own. Gen. sg. Note the use of this reflexive pronoun atta [ always in the singular.]. ii. nisiidaapetvaa = Having made him sit down. Gerund of causative verb nisiidaapeti. Prefix ni + rt. sad / siid [ siidati ] + aape + tvaa. iii. ara~n~naa : Ablative sg. = from the forest. iv. niiharitvaa = having taken out. Gerund. prefix ni + rt. har [ harati = take ] + i + tvaa. v. nivatti = returned, came back. Aorist 3rd. sg, prefix ni + rt. vat [ vattati ]. Dhammavihari. International Buddhist Research & Information Center (IBRIC). 380/9 Sarana Road, Off Bauddhaaloka Mawatha, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka. Telephone - +94 1 68 9388 Fax - +94 1 68 3016 e - mail - ibric@sri.lanka.net WWW URL - http://www.gold.ac.uk/jbe/ibric.html http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/ibric.html