TUTORIAL GUIDE / ADDITIONAL NOTES TO LESSON X *** Hello Everybody. I appreciate that conscientious hard work on five TUTORIAL GUIDE / ADDITIONAL NOTES now stand to your credit. Congratulations, I should say. Let us now proceed further with a greater degree of confidence. I am deliberately using more and more narrative Pali literature, keeping out for the moment ones dealing with the teachings. These have a better flow and an unquestionable ease of grasping. Reading Assignment No. 6 --------------------------------------- Ki.m-chando ki.m-adhippaayo ' ti ida.m | satthaa Jetavane viharanto uposatha-kamma.m aarabbha kathesi. Eka-divasa.m hi satthaa | bahuu upaasake ca upaasikaayo ca uposathike dhamma-savanatthaaya aagantvaa damma-sabhaaya.m nisinne | uposathika ' attha upasakaa ' ti pucchitvaa | aama bhante ' ti vutte | saadhu vo kata.m uposatha.m karontehi. Poraa.nakaa upa.d.dh ' uposatha-kammassa nissandena mahanta.m yasa.m pa.tilabhi.msuu ' ti vatvaa | tehi yaacito atiita.m aahari. Atiite Baaraa.nasiyam Brahmadatto dhammena rajja.m kaarento | saddho ahosi daana-siila-uposatha-kammesu appamatto. So sese ' pi amaccaadayo daanaadisu samaadapesi. Purohito pan ' assa | para-pi.t.thi-ma.msiko la~nca-khaadako kuu.ta-vinicchayiko ahosi. Raajaa uposatha-divase amaccaadayo pakkosaapetvaa | upaasathikaa hothaa ' ti aaha. Purohito uposatha.m na samaadiyi. Atha na.m divaa la~nca.m gahetvaa kuu.ta.t.ta.m katvaa upa.t.thaana.m agata.m | raajaa tva.m uposathiko ' ti amacce pucchanto | tvam ' pi aacariya uposathiko ' ti pucchi. So aamaa ' ti musaavaada.m katvaa paasaadaa otari. Atha na.m eko amacco | nanu tumhe na uposathikaa ' ti codesi. So aaha aha.m velaayam eva bhu~nji.m. Geha.m pana gntvaa | mukha.m vikkhaaletvaa | uposatha.m adhi.t.thaaya | saaya.m na bhu~njissaami | ratti.m siila.m rakkhissaami. Evam me upa.d.dhuposatha-kamma.m bhavissatii ' ti. Saadhu aacariyaa ' ti. So geha.m gantvaa tathaa akaasi. Pun ' ekadivasa.m tasmi.m vinicchaye nisinne | a~n~nataraa siilavatii itthii a.t.ta.m karontii | ghara.m gantu.m alabhamaanaa | uposatha-kamma.m naatikkamissaamii ' ti | upaka.t.the kaale mukha.m vikkhaaletu.m aarabhi. Tasmi.m kha.ne braahma.nassa supakkaana.m ambaana.m amba-pi.n.di aahariyittha. So tassaa uposathikabhaava.m ~natvaa | ima.m khaaditvaa uposathikaa hohii ' ti adaasi. Saa tathaa akaasi. Ettaka.m braahma.nassa kamma.m. So aparabhaage kala.m katvaa | himavanta-padese Kosikii-ga'ngaaya tiire | tiyojanike ambavane | rama.niiye bhuumibhaage | sobhaggappatte kanaka-vimaane | ala'nkata-sirisayane sutta-ppabuddho viya nibbatti | ala 'nkata-pa.tiyatto uttam-ruupadharo | so.lasa-sahassa-deva-ka~n~naa-parivaaro. So ratti.m yeva ta.m sirisampatti.m anubhoti. Vemaanika-peta-bhaavena hi ' ssa kamma-sarikkhako vipaako ahosi. Tasmaa aru.ne uggacchante | amba-vana.m pavisati. Pavi.t.tha-kkha.ne yev ' assa dibb ' attabhaavo antaradhaayati. Asiiti-hattha-taala-ppamaa.no atta-bhaavo nibbattati. Sakala-sariira.m jhaayati. Supupphita- ki.msuko viya hoti. Dviisu hatthesu ek ' ekaa ' va a'ngulii. Tattha mahaa-kuddaala-ppamaa.naa nakhaa honti. Tehi nakhehi attano pi.t.thi-ma.msa.m phaaletvaa | uddharitvaa khaadanto | vedanaamatto mahaa-rava.m ravanto | dukkha.m anubhoti. Ki.mchanda Jaataka. SHB. V. p. 171 Grammatical notes -------------------------- kim-chando = person of what desire.This appears to be used as a Relative Compound [Bahubbiihi Samaasa ]. kim-adippaayo = person of what intention. Same as above. satthaa = teacher [= the Buddha ]. Agent noun satthu : rt. saas + suffix -tru. pl. satthaaro aarabbha = concerning, pertiaimg to. Gerund. prefix aa + rt. rabh + suffix -ya. aarabhati = commences. kathesi = told. -s Aorist 3rd. sg. rt. kath / katheti , kathayati = tells. Pl. kathesu.m / kathayi.msu. uposathike = those observing or possessing the uposatha | acc. pl. [ i.e. observing the fast ]. uposatha + ika. attha = you are. 2nd. pl. [ sg. asi. ]. rt. as / to be. vutte = when told. p.p.p. rt vac / speak, tell. [ vac > vuc + ta ] ** saadhu vo kata.m uposatha.m karontehi = by you doing the observance of the uposatha, something good has been done. Note the use of vo and karontehi as the doers of the action umplied in kata.m. upa.d.dha = upa + a.d.dha = half. ** nissandena = as a result or in consequence of. Prefix ni + rt. sad / sandati = flows. pa.tilabhi.msu = they obtained. Aorist 3rd pl. [ sg. pa.tilabhi ] prefix pa.ti + labh / labhati. yaacito = begged, requested by. p.p.p rt. yaac / yaacati = begs. Note the doer or agent of this action is put in the instrumental : tehi yaacito. aahari = brought up. Aorist 3rd. sg. [ pl. aahari.msu ]. prefix aa + rt. har / harati. ** Brahmadatto dhammena rajjam kaarento = Brahmadatta who was righteously ruling. Note this is not the Locative Absolute of 'time when'. This is participial construction with the nominative. samaadapesi = made them undertake. s- aorist 3rd. sg. Causative. prefixes sam + aa + rt. daa + cau. suffix- aape / aapaya. Active : samaadiyati. Note below. para + pi.t.thi + ma.msika = flesh of the other's back / back biting la~nca + khadaka = bribe-eater / one who takes bribes. kuu.ta + vinicchaya + ika = a perverse judge ** divaa = by day. Inst. adverbial use. Note ratto = at night in the locative case. e.g. Divaa ca ratto ca haranti ye bali.m = They who bring offerings by day and by night. ** kuu.ta.t.ta.m katvaa = havimg delivered a perverse judgement. kuu.ta = false, fraudulent. a.t.ta = judgement, litigation. katvaa : gerund. rt. kar + tvaa otari = descended. Aorist 3rd. sg. Prefix o [ ava > o ] + rt. tar / tarati. p.p.p. = ti.n.na codesi = accused. s- aorist 3rd. sg. rt. cud / codeti, codayati. bhu~nji.m = I ate. Aorist 1st. sg. rt. bhuj / bhu~njati. p.p.p. bhuj + ta = bhutta. vikkhaaletvaa = having rinsed. Gerund. prefix vi + rt. khal / khaaleti. pa + khaleti = pakkhaaleti. e.g. paade pakkhaalayitvaana = having washed the feet. adhi.t.thaaya = having resolved. Gerund. prefix adhi + rt. thaa [ ti.t.thati ] + ya. saaya.m = in the evening. Indeclinable. Similarly paata.m = in the morning. saaya.m paata.m ** upa + a.d.dha + uposatha + kamma = the job of half-day-uposatha. [Note its greater realism of being observed during the second half of the day.] akaasi = he did. s- aorist 3rd.sg. [ pl. aka.msu ]. aorist augment a + rt. kar + aorist ending si. gantu.m = to go. Infinitive. rt. gam + ending -tum. alabhamaanaa = not getting. Present participle | feminine | nom. sg. Negative a + rt. labh(a) + suf maana. ** naatikkamissaami =I shall not transgress or do violence to. Future 1st.sg. negative na + prefix ati + rt. kam (i) ssaami. rt.kam / kamati = goes. ni + kkhamati = departs. abhi + kkamati = advances. para + kkamati = endeavours ** upaka.t.the kaale = as time drew near. upaka.t.the : p.p.p. prefix upa + rt. ka(r)s + ta. The presence of a sibilant [ i.e. -s ] in the root changes the -ta to a .ta. > .t.tha [ dental > cerebral ]. Note : pavi.t.tha | di.t.tha | da.t.tha pu.t.tha | gaha.t.tha supakka = very ripe. Su = good , fine. pakka : p.p.p. rt. pac / pacati = cooks. pakka = mature, ripe. aahariyittha = was brought. Aorist 3rd. sg. Passive. prefix aa + rt. har + passive - iya + aorist -ittha. hohi = may you be. Imperative 2nd. sg. [ pl. hotha ]. ** sutta-pabuddho = one coming out of his sleep. sutta : p.p.p. rt. sup / supati = sleeps | one who is asleep. pabuddha = one who is awakened: p.p.p. prefix pa + rt. budh + ya [dhya > jjha] + ti = awakens. nibbatti = was born. aorist 3rd. sg. prefix ni + rt. vart / vattati : nibbattati = is born, arises. e.g. Nibbattati dukkha.m ida.m punappuna.m = This dukkha arises, is generated again and again. anubhoti = experiences, enjoys, suffers. prefix anu + rt. bhuu / bhoti. kamma-sarikkhako = in conformity with one's karma. [ sarikkha + ka = sadriska + ka = in the likeness of ]. ** Tasmaa aru.ne uggacchante = Therefore as the dawn ascends. Here is a good example of the use of the Locative Absolute. Two independent sets of action, related only in terms of simultaniety. "While dawn is breaking, he enters the mango grove." pavi.t.tha-kkha.ne = at the moment of entry. pavi.t.tha : p.p.p. prefix pa + rt. vis + ta . See above. jhaayati = burns, is in flames. It also means intensely concentrate. supupphita - kimsuko viya = like a Spathodea tree in full bloom. ek ' ekaa = one each phaaletvaa = tearing apart. Gerund. present 3rd.sg. phaaleti uddharitvaa = pulling out. Gerund. prefix ud + rt. har = uddharati ravanto = crying. Present participle. rt. rav + suffix -ant. Dhammavihari