Lesson XIII Relative Pronouns Ya, who, which, that SINGULAR m. n. f. Nom. yo ya.m yaa Acc. ya.m ya.m Instr. yena yaaya Abl. yamhaa, yasmaa yaaya Dat., Gen yassa yassa, yaaya Loc. yamhi, yasmi.m yassa.m, yaaya.m PLURAL m. n. f. Nom. ye ye, yaani yaa, yaayo Acc ye ye, yaani yaa, yaayo Instr., Abl yebhi, yehi yaabhi, yaahi Dat., Gen yesa.m, yesaana.m yaasa.m, yaasaana.m Loc. yesu yaasu Ta, who, he SINGULAR m. n. f. Nom. so na.m, ta.m saa Acc. na.m, ta.m na.m, ta.m Instr. nena, tena naaya, taaya Abl. namhaa, tamhaa naaya, taaya nasmaa, tasmaa Dat., Gen nassa, tassa tissaaya, tissaa tassaa, taaya Loc. namhi, tamhi tissa.m, tassa.m, taaya.m nasmi.m, tasmi.m PLURAL m. n. f. Nom. ne, te ne,te, naani, taani naa, naayo, taa, taayo Acc. ne, te ne,te, naani, taani naa, naayo, taa, taayo Instr., Abl nebhi, nehi, tebhi, tehi naabhi, naahi, taabhi, taahi Dat., Gen nesa.m, nesaana.m, tesa.m, tesaana.m taasa.m, taasaana.m Loc. nesu, tesu taasu The forms beginning with " t " are more commonly used. The pronouns " ya " and " ta " are frequently used together. They are treated as Correlatives. Examples :- " Yo Dhamma.m passati so Buddha.m passati " He who sees the Dhamma sees the Buddha " Ya.m hoti ta.m hotu " -be it as it may ya.m icchasi ta.m vadehi -Say what you wish " Yo gilaana.m upa.t.thaati so ma.m upa.t.thaati " He who serves the sick serves me Eta, that (yonder) SINGULAR PLURAL m. n. f. m. n. f. Nom. eso eta.m esaa ete ete, etaani etaa, etaayo Acc. eta.m eta.m eta.m ete ete, etaani etaa, etaayo The rest like " ta ", with the exception of forms beginning with " n ". The Interrogative Pronoun : Ka, who, which? SINGULAR m. n. f. Nom. ko ka.m, ki.m kaa Acc. ka.m, ka.m, ki.m kaa Instr. kena, kaaya, Abl. kamhaa, kasmaa kaaya Dat., Gen kassa, kissa kaaya, kassaa Loc. kamhi, kasmi.m kaaya, kaaya.m kimhi, kismi.m The rest like " ya " " ci " is suffixed to all the cases of " ka " in all the genders to form Indefinite Pronouns ; e.g., koci, kaaci, any, etc. The following adjectives are declined like "ya " :- A--a another A--atara certain Apara other, subsequent, Western Dhakkhi.na South Eka one, certain, some Itara different, the remaining Katara what? which? (generally of the two) Katama what? which? (generally of many) Pacchima West Para other, different Pubba first, foremost, Eastern, earlier Puratthima East Sabba all Uttara higher, superior, Northern A--a, a--atara, itara, eka are sometimes declined in the Dative and Genitive feminine singular as: a--issaa, a--atarissaa, itarissaa and ekissaa respectively; in the Locative feminine singular as: a--issa.m, a--atarissa.m, itarissa.m and ekissa.m respectively. Pubba, para, apara are sometimes declined in the Ablative masculine singular, as: pubbaa, paraa, and aparaa respectively; in the locative masculine singular, as: pubbe, pare, and apare respectively. Words : aadaaya indec. p. p. (daa with aa) having taken. Disaa f. quarter, direction. Ki.m indec. Why? what? pray Naama n. name; mind indec. by name, indeed, (Sometimes used without a meaning.) Nu lndec. pray, I wonder! (Sometimes used in asking a question.) Payojana indec. use, need Vaa indec. either, or Exercise xiii A 1. Ko naama tva.m? 2. Ko naama eso? 3. Ko naama te aacariyo? 4. Idaani eso ki.m karissati? 5. Ki.m tva.m eta.m pucchasi? 6. Esaa naarii te ki.m hoti? 7. Sve kim'ete karissanti? 8. Kassa bhikkhussa ta.m potthaka.m pesessaama? 9. Tesa.m dhanena me ki.m payojana.m? 10. Ko jaanaati 'ki.m'eso karissatii'ti?' 11. Kissa phala.m naama eta.m? 12. Kaaya.m disaaya.m tassaa jananii idaani vasati? 13. Kassa dhamma.m sotu.m ete icchanti? 14. " Yo Dhamma.m passati so Buddham passati, yo Buddha.m passati so Dhamma.m pasati ". 15. Ya.m tva.m icchasi ta.m etassa arocehi. 16. Ya.m te karonti tam* eva gahetvaa para.m loka.m gacchanti. 17. Yassa.m disaaya.m so vasati tassa.m disaaya.m ete'pi vasitu.m icchanti. 18. Eso naro eka.m vadati, esaa naarii a--a.m vadati. 19. Paresa.m bha.naani maya.m na ga.nhaama. 20. Etaani phalaani maa tassa saku.nassa detha. 21. Idaani sbbe'pi te Bhikkhuu uttaraaya disaaya a--atarasmi.m aaraame vasanti. 22. Etasmi.m nagare sabbe naraa apara.m nagara.m agami.msu. 23. Ki-ci'pi kaatu.m so na jaanaati. 24. Katama.m disa.m tumhe gantu.m iccheyyaatha -puratthima.m vaa dakkhi.na.m vaa pacchima.m vaa uttara.m vaa? 25. Kataraaya disaaya tva.m suriya.m passasi -pubaaya.m vaa aparaaya.m vaa? * When a niggahita (.m) is followed by a vowel, it is sometimes changed into " m ". See note in Exercise 10 - A B 1. Who is she? 2. What is his name? 3. In which direction did he go? 4. Is he a relative of yours? 5. What is the name of that fruit? 6. From whom did you buy those books? 7. With whom shall we go to-day? 8. In whose garden are those boys and girls playing? 9. In which direction do you see the sun in the morning? 10. Of what use is that to him or to her? 11. To whom did he give those presents? 12. What is the use of your wealth, millionaire? You are not going to take all that with you to the other world. Therefore* eat well. Have no attachment to your wealth. Grief results thereby.** Do merit with that wealth of yours. Erect hospitals for the sick schools for children, temples for monks and nuns. It is those good actions you take with you when you go to the other world. 13. Those who do good deeds are sure to be born in good states. 14. Let him say what he likes. 15. We did not write all those letters. 16. You should not tell others all that you see with your eyes. 17. We like to live in cities in which wise men live. * Use " tasmaa ". ** Use " tena ".